...It provides accurate timings through warm-up, garbage collection control, and statistical summaries—making microbenchmarking more reliable than using time. Statistical processing of multiple evaluations. Inclusion of a warm-up period, designed to allow the JIT compiler to optimise its code. Purging of gc before testing, to isolate timings from GC state prior to testing. A final forced GC after testing to estimate impact of cleanup on the timing results.