Kitten
A statically typed concatenative systems programming language
...The language explores disciplined handling of side effects, aiming to separate pure transformations from operations that perform I/O or mutate state. Its design encourages small, reusable building blocks that compose cleanly, while still permitting low-level control where performance matters. The implementation targets efficient compiled code and investigates how advanced type systems can improve reliability in a stack-based language. As a research project, Kitten serves both as a language to experiment with and as a vehicle for ideas about safety and structure in concatenative programming.