The Scientific Visualization book is a freely available open-access textbook that introduces how to produce effective scientific visualizations using Python, focusing especially on leveraging the popular plotting library Matplotlib (and related tools). It goes beyond simple plotting tutorials and emphasizes design principles: how to choose colors, layout subplots, annotate graphs, and present data in a way that is both accurate and visually compelling. As such, it serves as a guide for researchers, data scientists, and academic authors who need to create publication-quality figures or explanatory graphics, rather than quick exploratory plots. It includes extensive examples that demonstrate best practices — for instance handling multiple subplots, combining line plots with scatter/density overlays, or rendering high-resolution vector graphics for print.