...It focuses on localization and mapping systems that combine LiDAR, IMU, GNSS, and vehicle motion data. The material begins with geometry, kinematics, Kalman filtering, inertial navigation, preintegration, and graph optimization. It then implements point-cloud processing, nearest-neighbor structures, ICP, NDT, scan matching, occupancy grids, and loop closure. Readers build both loosely coupled and tightly coupled LiDAR-inertial odometry systems. Later modules cover offline mapping, backend optimization, tiled map export, map loading, initialization, and fused real-time localization. ...