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minGPT is a minimalist, educational re-implementation of the GPT (Generative Pretrained Transformer) architecture built in PyTorch, designed by Andrej Karpathy to expose the core structure of a transformer-based language model in as few lines of code as possible. It strips away extraneous bells and whistles, aiming to show how a sequence of token indices is fed into a stack of transformer blocks and then decoded into the next token probabilities, with both training and inference supported. Because the whole model is around 300 lines of code, users can follow each step—from embedding lookup, positional encodings, multi-head attention, feed-forward layers, to output heads—and thus demystify how GPT-style models work beneath the surface. ...